How to Troubleshoot Common Plumbing Issues at Home

Quick answer (read this first)

• Isolate the problem: Determine if it’s a single fixture or a wider issue.
• Inspect thoroughly: Look for visible leaks, clogs, or unusual sounds.
• Shut off water: Immediately turn off the supply if a major leak is found.
• Attempt simple fixes: Use basic tools for minor clogs or drips.
• Document symptoms: Record observations and attempted solutions for a plumber.

Safety first

• Always turn off the main water supply before attempting any significant work.
• Wear gloves and eye protection when dealing with drains or pipes.
• Never mix different drain cleaning chemicals.
• Do not attempt electrical repairs on water heaters; call a professional.
• Be cautious of slipping on wet floors.

Tools you may need

• Plunger (cup and flange type)
• Drain snake (hand or auger)
• Adjustable wrench
• Screwdriver set
• Flashlight
• Bucket and towels
• Gloves

Step-by-step

Step 1

Identify the Problem Scope: Determine if the issue is isolated to a single fixture (e.g., one sink) or affects multiple areas (e.g., entire house low water pressure, multiple clogged drains).

Step 2

Inspect for Visible Signs: Carefully look for obvious leaks, water stains, dripping faucets, pooling water, or any unusual sounds coming from pipes or appliances. Use your flashlight to check hidden areas.

Step 3

Check Water Supply & Shut-off: Locate your home’s main water shut-off valve and ensure it’s fully open. If dealing with a leak, know how to turn it off immediately. For low pressure, check individual fixture shut-off valves as well.

Step 4

Address Localized Clogs: For a single slow drain or clog, use a plunger first. If unsuccessful, attempt to clear hair and debris from the drain opening, then use a hand auger or drain snake if accessible and safe.

Step 5

Assess Low Water Pressure: If pressure is low throughout the house, check for issues with the main supply. For specific fixtures, clean aerators or showerheads, which often get clogged with mineral deposits.

Step 6

Safely Examine Water Heater: If there’s no hot water or a leak, only check visible signs like pilot light (gas) or circuit breaker (electric) status without touching internal components. Look for external leaks around the tank and connections. Do not attempt electrical or gas repairs.

Step 7

Document and Prepare for Professional Help: Take clear photos or videos of the problem. Note down all symptoms, when they started, and any troubleshooting steps you’ve attempted, including their outcomes. This information is vital for a plumber.

Common mistakes

• Ignoring small leaks, which can become major issues.
• Using excessive force on pipes or fixtures, causing more damage.
• Pouring harsh chemical drain cleaners repeatedly without success.
• Not turning off the water supply before attempting repairs.
• Assuming every problem is a simple DIY fix.

When to call a professional

• If a major water leak or burst pipe occurs.
• When multiple drains are clogged or sewer backup is evident.
• For persistent low water pressure throughout the entire house.
• Any issues involving your water heater’s electrical or gas components.
• If you detect hidden leaks causing water stains or mold without an obvious source.
• When basic troubleshooting doesn’t resolve the issue and you lack confidence.